In the world of outdoor enthusiasts, hunters, survivalists, and reenactment groups, one piece of gear stands out for its versatility, ruggedness, and tactical aesthetics: the tarnplanen. Originating from military applications, this specialized tarp has evolved into a staple for both practical and recreational uses. Whether you’re building a shelter in the wilderness, hiding equipment in a field, or simply looking for a durable cover that blends into natural surroundings, the tarnplanen offers an unmatched combination of utility and concealment.
But what exactly is a tarnplanen? Where did it come from? And why has it remained so popular decades after its original military deployment? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the history, design, applications, and benefits of the tarnplanen, while also offering tips on how to choose and care for your own. By the end, you’ll understand why this humble piece of fabric continues to be a favorite among outdoor adventurers and tactical users alike.
What Is a Tarnplanen?
The word tarnplanen comes from German, where “tarn” means camouflage and “planen” translates to tarp or cover. Essentially, a tarnplanen is a camouflage-patterned tarp designed for concealment and protection in outdoor environments. Originally developed for military use—particularly by the German Bundeswehr and Warsaw Pact nations during the Cold War—these tarps were intended to hide personnel, vehicles, equipment, and supplies from aerial and ground observation.
Unlike standard tarps that prioritize waterproofing or durability alone, the tarnplanen integrates disruptive coloration patterns that mimic the natural environment. Early versions often featured woodland or three-color camouflage (such as the iconic “Flecktarn” pattern used by German forces), while modern iterations may include digital patterns, desert tones, or even reversible designs for different seasons.
Typically made from tightly woven cotton, polyester, or blended fabrics, traditional tarnplanen are water-resistant (though not always fully waterproof) and feature reinforced corners, grommets, and sometimes even loops for tying or staking. Their rectangular shape—usually around 165 x 220 cm or larger—makes them ideal for a wide range of configurations, from lean-tos and A-frames to ground covers and sunshades.
Historical Background of the Tarnplanen
The tarnplanen traces its roots to the mid-20th century, during a period of heightened military tension and technological advancement in surveillance. As aerial reconnaissance became more sophisticated during and after World War II, armies needed reliable ways to conceal their movements and assets on the ground.
Germany, in particular, developed some of the most effective camouflage systems of the era. The post-war West German Bundeswehr introduced the Feldgrau (field gray) uniforms initially, but by the 1970s, they adopted the five-color Flecktarn pattern—a highly effective disruptive design composed of green, brown, black, and light beige spots. The tarnplanen issued alongside these uniforms used similar patterns and materials to ensure cohesion across gear and personnel.
Meanwhile, Eastern Bloc countries like East Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union produced their own versions—often using a simpler three-color scheme of green, brown, and black. These were mass-produced, rugged, and distributed widely to infantry units. Many of these surplus military tarnplanen later found their way into civilian hands after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact.
The appeal of these military surplus tarps wasn’t just their low cost—they were also incredibly durable, versatile, and aesthetically distinct. Outdoor communities quickly adopted them for camping, hiking, and bushcraft, cementing the tarnplanen’s transition from battlefield to backcountry.
Key Features and Materials
Understanding the physical characteristics of a tarnplanen helps explain its enduring popularity:
1. Camouflage Pattern
The most defining feature is its disruptive coloration. Traditional tarnplanen use woodland patterns that blend into forested, grassy, or shrubland environments. Modern civilian versions may include digital camo, multicam, or even seasonal reversibles (e.g., green on one side, white on the other for snow).
2. Fabric Composition
Original military tarnplanen were often made from tightly woven cotton duck canvas treated with a water-repellent finish. While not fully waterproof, this material was breathable, quiet (unlike crinkly synthetics), and aged well. Today, many are made from polyester or poly-cotton blends, offering improved water resistance and lighter weight—but sometimes sacrificing the authentic feel.
3. Reinforced Edges and Grommets
Military-grade tarnplanen feature heavy-duty stitching along all edges and brass or metal grommets at each corner—and often midway along the longer sides. These allow for easy anchoring with ropes, stakes, or natural materials like branches.
4. Modular Design
Many tarnplanen include loops or buttonholes along the edges, enabling multiple tarps to be connected into larger shelters or vehicle covers. This modularity was a key logistical advantage for militaries and remains useful for group camping or large-scale concealment.
5. Fire Resistance and Mildew Resistance
Original military versions were often treated to resist mildew and reduce flammability—important for troops operating in damp or high-risk environments. While not a universal feature in civilian models, it’s worth checking if you plan to use your tarp in extreme conditions.
Practical Uses of the Tarnplanen
The tarnplanen is prized not just for its looks, but for its incredible functional range. Here are some of the most common applications:
1. Shelter Building
One of the primary uses in both military and civilian contexts is as a lightweight shelter. With a few paracords and tent stakes (or natural anchors like trees and rocks), a tarnplanen can be rigged into:
- A simple lean-to
- A diamond or A-frame tarp shelter
- A sunshade or rain fly
- An emergency bivouac
Its large surface area offers excellent coverage for one or two people, and the camo pattern helps break up your silhouette—valuable for hunters or stealth campers.
2. Ground Cover and Protection
Lay it beneath your sleeping bag to add insulation and protect against moisture and dirt. It also works well under tents to extend their lifespan and improve weather resistance.
3. Concealment and Camouflage
Hunters use tarnplanen to hide blinds, gear, or even vehicles. Reenactors and airsoft players rely on them to create authentic field setups. In survival scenarios, hiding your position from potential threats is a critical skill—and the tarnplanen excels here.
4. Emergency Signaling and Water Collection
While primarily designed for concealment, the fabric can be reversed or arranged to reflect light if needed. In a pinch, it can also be used to collect rainwater by forming a depression—though this depends on the level of waterproofing.
5. Versatile Covering
Use it to cover firewood, protect equipment from dew, drape over a cooking area, or even create a windbreak. The possibilities are limited only by your creativity and the environment.
Tarnplanen vs. Modern Camping Tarps
With so many advanced outdoor tarps available today—silnylon, Dyneema, coated ripstop—why would someone choose a tarnplanen?
The answer lies in balance. Modern ultralight tarps prioritize weight and packability, often sacrificing durability and noise control. A polyester tarnplanen, by contrast, may weigh more, but it’s far quieter in the wind, more abrasion-resistant, and better at blending into natural backgrounds.
Additionally, the tarnplanen offers psychological and tactical benefits that technical tarps don’t. The camouflage pattern isn’t just aesthetic—it’s functional concealment. In scenarios where remaining unseen matters (hunting, tactical training, or low-impact camping), this is a significant advantage.
That said, if you’re a thru-hiker aiming to shave every ounce from your pack, a 1.5 kg cotton tarnplanen might not be ideal. But for base camping, car camping, or short bushcraft trips, its ruggedness and versatility make it a compelling choice.
Choosing the Right Tarnplanen
Not all tarnplanen are created equal. When shopping, consider these factors:
1. Authenticity vs. Reproduction
Surplus military tarnplanen (e.g., German Flecktarn or East German “Strichtarn”) are highly sought after for their quality and history. However, they may show wear or lack warranty. New reproductions offer consistency and often improved waterproofing but may use less authentic materials.
2. Material Type
- Cotton: Traditional, breathable, quiet, but heavier and less waterproof.
- Polyester: Lighter, more water-resistant, but can be noisy and less “natural” in feel.
- Poly-Cotton Blend: A middle ground—lighter than pure cotton with decent water resistance.
3. Waterproofing
Check whether the tarp is merely water-repellent (beading water on surface) or fully waterproof (with a PU or silicone coating). For rainy climates, a coated version is preferable.
4. Pattern and Reversibility
Consider your typical environment. Woodland tarnplanen work best in forests; desert or arid patterns suit dry landscapes. Reversible models offer flexibility across seasons.
5. Size and Attachment Points
Standard sizes range from 165×220 cm to over 2×3 meters. Ensure it has enough grommets and loops for your intended setup method.
Care and Maintenance
To extend the life of your tarnplanen, proper care is essential:
- Drying: Always dry thoroughly before storage to prevent mildew, especially with cotton models.
- Cleaning: Gently brush off dirt. Avoid machine washing unless specified—hand wash with mild soap if needed.
- Waterproofing: Reapply a DWR (Durable Water Repellent) treatment periodically if the fabric stops beading water.
- Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place. Avoid compressing it tightly for long periods to prevent creasing and coating degradation.
With proper maintenance, a high-quality tarnplanen can last decades—a testament to its rugged military heritage.
Environmental and Ethical Considerations
As outdoor recreation grows, so does our responsibility to minimize environmental impact. The tarnplanen aligns well with “Leave No Trace” principles when used thoughtfully:
- Its camouflage reduces visual disruption in natural settings.
- Durable construction means fewer replacements and less waste.
- Many surplus versions are recycled military gear, giving new life to existing materials.
However, avoid using it in ways that damage vegetation (e.g., staking in sensitive alpine zones) or leaving it behind. Always pack out what you bring in.
The Cultural Legacy of the Tarnplanen
Beyond functionality, the tarnplanen carries cultural weight. It symbolizes self-reliance, tactical ingenuity, and a connection to military history. In Europe especially, it’s a nostalgic item for veterans and a badge of authenticity for bushcraft communities.
Online forums, YouTube channels, and outdoor expos often feature the tarnplanen as a “must-have” for traditional camping setups. Its distinctive pattern has even influenced fashion and design, appearing in urban streetwear and tactical gear aesthetics.
This blend of heritage, utility, and visual identity ensures the tarnplanen remains more than just a tarp—it’s a piece of functional history.
Conclusion: Why the Tarnplanen Endures
The tarnplanen is far more than a piece of camouflaged fabric. It’s a bridge between military innovation and civilian outdoor life—a tool that balances concealment, protection, and practicality. Whether you’re a hunter seeking to remain undetected, a camper building a woodland shelter, or a history enthusiast drawn to authentic gear, the tarnplanen offers something few modern alternatives can match.
Its rugged construction, thoughtful design, and timeless pattern have kept it relevant for over half a century. As outdoor activities continue to evolve, the tarnplanen remains a reliable companion for those who value function, durability, and a touch of tactical heritage.
So if you’re looking to expand your outdoor kit with something truly versatile, consider adding a tarnplanen to your gear list. And when you finally pitch it under a forest canopy or drape it over your gear at dawn, you’ll understand why this humble tarp has earned its legendary status. From Cold War battlefields to modern campfires, the tarnplanen continues to prove its worth—one shelter, one hide, one adventure at a time.
